'Yan Ƙasanci a Ghana

Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Ghana
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Gabatarwa

Kowace ƙasa a duniya, tana da wasu keɓantattun mutane waɗanda suke zama ‘ya’yan wannan ƙasa. Ƙari a akan haka kuma tana da dokoki da ƙa’idojin da ke bata damar mayar da ɗan wata ƙasar ya zama nata.

Wannan rubutu yana son yin magana ne game da ‘yanƙasanci da kuma ɗan ƙasaa Ghana. Muna fata wannan rubutu ya zama jagoran buɗe idanuwan ‘yan Ghana da ma sauran jama'ar duniya masu sha'awa da neman sani su fahimci wannan rubutu yadda ya dace.

Ma’anar Ɗan Ƙasa

Makirosoft Encarta (2009), ya siffata ɗan ƙasa da faffaɗar ma’ana ta ɗaiɗaikun mutane da suke a matsayin mambobin wata ƙasa; wato mutumin da ya miƙa wuyansa (Ya yi wa ƙasa mubaya’a), kuma wanda yake da haƙƙin neman kariya daga gwamnatin wata ƙasa.

‘Yan Ƙasanci

‘Yan ƙasanci shi ne dangantaka tsakanin ɗaiɗaikun mutane da kuma ƙasar da mutum ya yi wa mubaya’a (Miƙa wuyansa gare ta) wanda a sakamakon yin haka shi kuma yake neman kariya daga gareta. ‘Yan ƙasanci na nufin matsayin ‘yanci wanda yake tattare da wasu ɗawainiyoyi (Britannica, 2010). Misali, dukkan ɗan ƙasa yana da wasu haƙƙoƙin da suka rataya a wuyansa na ƙasa da ya sauƙe, sannan kuma shi ma yana da nasa haƙƙoin da suka rataya a wuyan ƙasarsa da suka zama dole ta sauke masa kamar yadda za mu zayyano waɗanda suka shafi Nijeriya a nan ƙasa.

Wanenen Ɗan Ghana?

Matashiya:
Dukkan abin da za a karanta daga wannan gaɓa zuwa ƙarshen wannan shafi, fassara ce kai tsaye daga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Ghana na shekarar 1996 wanda aka ɗauke a shekarar 2021 daga shafin: https://constitutionnet.org

Kashi na uku, sashe na shida na kundin tsarin mulkin Tarayyar Ghana, na 1996 ya bayyana cewa:

1. Dukanin wani mutum wanda, a ranar da wannan kundin tsarin mulki (1996) ya fara aiki, ya kasance ɗan Ƙasar Ghana bisa doka to ya cigaba da kasancewa ɗan Ƙasar Ghana.
2. Bisa dacewa da tanade-tanaden wannan kundin tsarin mulki, mutumin da aka haifa a wajen Ghana bayan fara aikin wannan kundin tsarin mulkin, zai zama ɗan Ƙasar Ghana a ranar da aka haifi she idan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mahaifansa ko kakanninsa ɗan ko ya taɓa zama ɗan Ƙasar Ghana.
3. Yaron da bai haura shekaru bakwai ba wanda aka samu a Ghana wanda ba a san mahaifansa ba za a ƙaddara cewa ɗan Ƙasar Ghana ne bisa haihuwa.
4. Yaron da bai haura shekaru goma sha shida (16) ba wanda babu ɗaya daga cikin mahaifansa da yake ɗan Ƙasar Ghana wanda wani ɗan Ƙasar Ghana ya riƙe shi a matsayin ɗa zai; saboda darajar riƙon, zama ɗan Ƙasar Ghana.

Mutanen da Suka Cancanci a Yi Wa Rijistar a Matsayin ‘Yan Ƙasa

Sashe na 7, Kashi na 3 na kundin tsarin mulkin Tarayyar Ghana ya zayyana cewa: Mutanen da Suka Cancanci A Yi Musu Rijista a Matsayin ‘Yanƙasa

1. Matar da ta auri mutumin da yake ɗan Ƙasar Ghana ne ko mutumin da ya auri matar da take ‘yar Ƙasar Ghana ce za a iya; bisa rubuta takardar buƙata kamar yadda majalisa ta zayyana, yi masa rijista a matsayin ɗan Ƙasar Ghana.
2. Tanadi na (1) na wannan sashe har-ila-yau zai yi aiki a kan mutum ma’auraci wanda; amma da ba domin mutuwarsa ko mutuwarta ba, da ya kasance ya cigaba da zama ɗan Ƙasar Ghana a ƙarƙashin tanadi na (1) na sashe na 6 na wannan kundin tsarin mulki.
3. A halin da auren mace ya mutu bayan ta samu rijistar zama ‘yar Ƙasar Ghana a ƙarƙashin tanadi na (1) na wannan sashe, za ta iya; sai dai idan ta soke waccar ‘yar ƙasanci, cigaba da zama ‘yar Ƙasar Ghana.
4. Duk ɗan matar auren da aka yi wa rijista a matsayin ‘yar Ƙasar Ghana a ƙarƙashin tanadi na (1) na wannan sashen wanda kuma tanadi na (3) zai iya yin aiki a kansa, zai cigaba da zama ɗan Ƙasar Ghana sai dai idan ya soke ‘yanƙasancin.
5. A halin da biyowa bayan miƙa takardar nema da namiji ya yi, domin samun rijista a ƙarƙashin tanadi na (1) na wannan sashen, ta bayyana ga hukumar da alhakin yin rijista yake kanta cewa an yi auren ne da manufa ta samun rijista, hukumar za ta iya buƙatar mai son rijista ta tabbatar masa cewa ya yi auren da kyakkyawar manufa; kuma hukumar za ta aiwatar da rijistar ne kawai biyowa bayan samun gamsuwa.
6. A yanayin da mutumin da yake neman rijista, tanadi na (1) na wannan sashe zai yi aiki ne kawai idan mai neman rijirtar yana zaune ne dindin a Ghana.

Tagwayen ‘Yanƙasanci

1. Ɗan Ƙasar Ghana zai iya zama ɗan kowace ƙasa ƙari a kan ‘yan ƙasancinsa na Ghana.
2. Ba tare da jayayya ba ga ƙaramin ƙuduri na (a) da ke ƙarƙashin ƙuduri na (2) a sashe na 94 na kundin tsarin mulki, babu ɗan Ƙasar Ghana da zai cancanci naɗi a matsayin mai riƙe da muƙamin kowanne ofishi da aka zayyana a wannan sashe idan ya zama ɗan wata ƙasa ƙari a kan ‘yanƙasancinsa na Ghana.
   1. Jakadan Babban Kwamashina;
   2. Magatardar Kabinet;
   3. Shugaban Ma’aikatan Rundunar Tsaro ko kuma kowanne daga cikin Manyan hafsoshi (Service Chiefs);
   4. Babban Jami’in ‘Yansanda (IG);
   5. Kwamashina, Jami’in Fasa Ƙwauri, Ayyukan Motsa Jiki da Kariya;
   6. Babban Jami’in Rundunar Shigi-da-Fici; da kuma
   7. Duk wani ofishi da Dokar Majalisa za ta iya zayyanawa.
3. A muhallin da dokar wata ƙasa ta buƙaci mutumin da ya auri ɗan/’yar ƙasar ya soke ‘yanƙasancin ƙasarsa ta asali bisa dalilin wannan aure, ɗan Ƙasar Ghana wanda aka tursasa masa soke ‘yanƙasancinsa saboda wancan aure zai, idan aka raba wannan aure, zama ɗan Ƙasar Ghana.

Dokokin Majalisa Ga ‘Yanƙasanci

1. Majalisa ta yi tanade-tanaden samun ‘yanƙasancin Ghana ga mutanen da basu cancanci zama ‘yan Ƙasar Ghana ba a ƙarƙashin tanade-tanaden wannan kundin tsarin mulki.
2. Sai dai kamar yadda ta ɗaya gefen aka tanada a sashe na 7 na wannan kundin tsarin mulki, mutum ba zai samu rijista a matsayin ɗan Ƙasar Ghana ba sai dai idan a lokacin da ya miƙa tardar buƙatar rijista zai iya yin magana tare kuma da fahimtar wani yaren Ƙasar Ghana.
3. Babbar Kotu tana iya, a game da takardar buƙatar da aka yi domin Babban Jojin, soke mutum wanda yake ɗan Ƙasar Ghana ne, sai dai idan bisa haihuwa ne, wancan ɗanƙasancin a bisa hujjar-
   1. cewa hulɗoɗin wannan mutumin suna kishiyantar tsaron ƙasa ko kuma suna cutar da kyawawan ɗabi’un al’umma a shari’ance ko ra’ayin al’umma; ko
   2. cewa ‘yanƙasancin an same shi ta bayan fage, wakilcin da bai dace ba, ko kuma kowanne nau’in aikin da ya kauce ƙa’ida.
4. Ya zama an wallafa a hukumance a kundin wallafa (Gazette) daga hukumar da abin ya shafa cikin watanni uku bayan miƙa takardar buƙata ko kuma rijistar, a bisa duk yadda ta kasance, suna, takardu da sauran ƙarin bayanai game da mutumin da, a ƙarƙashin wannan sashe ya rubuta buƙatar a yi masa rajista a matsayin ɗan Ƙasar Ghana ko kuma an riga an yi masa rajista a matsayin ɗan Ƙasar Ghana.
5. Majalisa ta yi tanadi bisa dokar Majalisa game da:
   1. sarayar da ga kowane mutum ‘yanƙasancinsa na Ghana;
   2. yanaye-yanayen da mutum zai samu ‘yanƙasancin Ghana ko soke zamowa ɗan Ƙasar Ghana.

Ƙarin Haske

1. Madogara a cikin wannan kashi game da ‘yanƙasancin mahaifan mutum a lokacin haihuwar wancan mutumin ya zama, tare da alaƙa da haihuwar mutumin, bayan rasuwar iyayen, a bayyane ɓaro-ɓaro a matsayin madogarar ‘yanƙansancin iyayen a lokacin rasuwar iyayen.
2. Saboda buƙatar ƙuduri na (1) na wannan sashe, a yanayin da rasuwar ta auku kafin fara aikin wannan kundin tsarin mulkin, ‘yanƙasancin da yakamata iyayen a ce sun samu idan shi ko ita sun rasu a lokacin da ake shirye-shiryen fara aiki da wannan kundin tsarin mulkin ya cancanci zama nasa ko nata ‘yanƙansancin a lokacin rasuwarsa ko rasuwarta.